By Ramyar Daneshgar Security Engineer | USC Viterbi School of Engineering Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Executive Summary The Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act (CISA), originally enacted in 2015, has served as the legal foundation for cybersecurity cooperation between the private sector and
By Ramyar Daneshgar Security Engineer | USC Viterbi School of Engineering Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Executive Summary In September 2025, a federal jury in San Francisco ordered Google to pay $425 million in damages for violating user privacy. The class action,
By Ramyar Daneshgar Security Engineer | USC Viterbi School of Engineering Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Introduction In September 2025, the Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD) revealed a coordinated, China-linked operation that masqueraded as a group of consulting firms to lure
By Ramyar Daneshgar Security Engineer | USC Viterbi School of Engineering Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Introduction In July 2025, the California Attorney General filed a complaint against Healthline Media, LLC for violating the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) and the Unfair
By Ramyar Daneshgar Security Engineer | USC Viterbi School of Engineering Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. In August 2025, Otter.ai, the artificial intelligence transcription company, became the target of a major class action lawsuit filed in the United States District Court
By Ramyar Daneshgar Security Engineer | USC Viterbi School of Engineering Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Executive Summary In cloud-native environments, a single exposed port on a virtual machine or container can trigger major regulatory consequences. What appears to be a routine
By Ramyar Daneshgar Security Engineer | USC Viterbi School of Engineering Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Executive Summary Protocols like Telnet, FTP, and POP3 are still present across many enterprise environments - including cloud-based vendors, managed service providers, and healthcare organizations. These
By Ramyar Daneshgar Security Engineer | USC Viterbi School of Engineering Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Introduction Legacy communication protocols like File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and Post Office Protocol v3 (POP3) are still widely used across small and mid-sized businesses (SMBs). What
By Ramyar Daneshgar Security Engineer | USC Viterbi School of Engineering Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Executive Summary As U.S. state privacy laws mature, small and midsize businesses (SMBs) are facing increasing exposure to statutory fines of $100–$750 per user,
By Ramyar Daneshgar Security Engineer | USC Viterbi School of Engineering Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Executive Summary As of 2025, public companies face an evolved threat landscape: not just from cyber attackers, but from regulators and shareholders. The Securities and Exchange
By Ramyar Daneshgar Security Engineer | USC Viterbi School of Engineering Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Executive Summary Design firms today operate at the intersection of creativity and compliance. As projects span continents, architectural practices must navigate a complex regulatory terrain -
By Ramyar Daneshgar Security Engineer | USC Viterbi School of Engineering Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Executive Summary Business Email Compromise (BEC) is among the most financially damaging cybercrimes globally, exploiting weak email configurations, lack of domain authentication, and poor user training.
By Ramyar Daneshgar Security Engineer | USC Viterbi School of Engineering Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Executive Summary Security awareness programs often fail - not because users don’t care, but because the training wasn't designed for how people actually
By Ramyar Daneshgar Security Engineer | USC Viterbi School of Engineering Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Executive Summary: Most businesses assume that as long as their IT team has a breach protocol, they are safe from liability. But in reality, many companies
By Ramyar Daneshgar Security Engineer | USC Viterbi School of Engineering Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Executive Summary Most companies assume that purchasing cyber insurance means they will be covered in the event of a data breach or ransomware attack. In reality,
By Ramyar Daneshgar Security Engineer | USC Viterbi School of Engineering Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Executive Summary HIPAA-covered entities and business associates must respond to breaches of protected health information (PHI) within rigid regulatory timelines. The first 72 hours following the
By Ramyar Daneshgar Security Engineer | USC Viterbi School of Engineering Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. 1. Executive Summary Cybersecurity and data privacy compliance have become determinative factors in mergers, acquisitions, and financing events across the technology sector. Legal deficiencies in breach
By Ramyar Daneshgar Security Engineer | USC Viterbi School of Engineering Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. 1. Executive Summary This in-depth analysis dissects a hypothetical - but technically and legally realistic- CPRA enforcement action against StyleFair, a U.S.-based online retailer.
By Ramyar Daneshgar Security Engineer | USC Viterbi School of Engineering Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. 1. Executive Summary Free browser plugins and website integrations are marketed as no-cost solutions for improving customer engagement, analytics, or automation. But embedded third-party code often
By Ramyar Daneshgar Security Engineer | USC Viterbi School of Engineering Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Executive Summary While HIPAA has long served as the bedrock of privacy compliance for healthcare providers, dental practices in 2025 face mounting legal exposure under a
By Ramyar Daneshgar Security Engineer | USC Viterbi School of Engineering Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. 1. Executive Summary The HIPAA Security Rule (45 C.F.R. §§ 164.302–318) requires all Covered Entities - including dental practices - to conduct formal,
By Ramyar Daneshgar Security Engineer | USC Viterbi School of Engineering Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. 1. Executive Summary The HIPAA Security Rule (45 C.F.R. §§ 164.302–318) imposes binding obligations on dental practices that qualify as Covered Entities to
By Ramyar Daneshgar Security Engineer | USC Viterbi School of Engineering Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. 1. Executive Summary In regulatory investigations and privacy-related litigation, Privacy Impact Assessments (PIAs) are often subpoenaed and reviewed to determine whether an organization discharged its duty
By Ramyar Daneshgar Security Engineer | USC Viterbi School of Engineering Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Third-party vendors account for a significant share of cybersecurity incidents, regulatory enforcement actions, and breach-related litigation. As cybersecurity statutes increasingly impose direct and vicarious liability for